The key difference between an international treaty and an international agreement lies primarily in their formal process of creation and ratification, although the terms are often used interchangeably in common parlance. An international treaty is a formal, legally binding agreement concluded between states (countries) and governed by international law. The term 'state' here refers to a sovereign entity recognized by the international community, possessing a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. Treaties are typically written, though they can be oral in limited circumstances under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), which is itself a treaty establishing rules for treaty-making. The process of creating a treaty usually begins with negot....
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