Under GCOR, what conditions necessitate the use of dual control switches, and what specific communication protocols must be followed when operating them?

Under the General Code of Operating Rules (GCOR), dual control switches are power-operated switches that can also be manually operated. These switches are used in situations where a train or crew needs to operate a switch when the power operation is unavailable or when specifically authorized by the train dispatcher. The conditions that necessitate the use of dual control switches under GCOR include: first, when authorized by the train dispatcher. This authorization is required when the power operation is functioning but the dispatcher wants the crew to manually operate the switch for specific operational reasons, such as testing the switch or during certain track work. Second, when the power operation fails or is known to be out of service. In this case, crews must manually operate the switch to continue their movement. They still often need to obtain permission from the dispatcher, depending on the specific rules of the territory. Third, during an emergency. In an emergency situation where immediate action is required and the power operation is not responding, the crew may manually operate the switch to prevent an accident or further incident. The specific communication protocols that must be followed when operating dual control switches under GCOR are strict to ensure safety and prevent conflicting movements. First, before operating a dual control switch manually, the crew must contact the train dispatcher and obtain permission, unless an emergency exists that prevents doing so. The dispatcher will provide instructions and verify that the switch can be safely operated. Second, the crew must clearly communicate their intentions and actions to all affected parties, including other crew members, trains in the vicinity, and the dispatcher. This communication should include the switch number, the direction the switch is being lined, and the reason for the manual operation. Third, after manually operating the switch, the crew must visually verify that the switch points are fully lined and locked in the correct position. This verification ensures that the switch is properly aligned for the intended movement. Fourth, the crew must report the switch's condition and position to the train dispatcher immediately after the movement is completed. This report informs the dispatcher that the switch has been used manually and allows them to monitor the switch's status. Failure to follow these communication protocols can lead to conflicting train movements, derailments, and other serious accidents. Adhering to GCOR's requirements ensures that dual control switches are operated safely and efficiently.