Describe the correct method for securing unattended equipment on a grade exceeding 1%, including all required safety appliances and their proper application.

Securing unattended equipment on a grade exceeding 1% requires specific measures to prevent the equipment from rolling away and causing damage or injury. The correct method involves using a combination of hand brakes and, if necessary, additional safety appliances such as wheel chocks. First, determine the direction of the grade. This can be done using track charts, grade markers, or by observing the natural tendency of the equipment to roll downhill. Second, apply a sufficient number of hand brakes. Hand brakes are mechanical brakes that are applied manually to the wheels of railcars. The number of hand brakes required depends on the grade, the weight of the equipment, and the type of equipment. Railroad rules typically provide specific guidelines for determining the number of hand brakes needed. A general rule is to apply enough hand brakes to hold the equipment securely under all expected conditions. When applying hand brakes, select cars that are evenly distributed throughout the cut of cars. This helps to distribute the braking force more evenly and prevent excessive stress on any one car. After applying the hand brakes, test their effectiveness. This involves releasing the air brakes and observing whether the equipment remains stationary. If the equipment begins to roll, apply additional hand brakes until it is securely held. Third, if the equipment is on a particularly steep grade or if there are other factors that increase the risk of rolling, use wheel chocks in addition to hand brakes. Wheel chocks are wedge-shaped devices that are placed between the wheels and the rails to provide additional resistance to movement. Place the wheel chocks on the downhill side of the wheels, and ensure that they are properly seated against the wheels and the rails. Use enough wheel chocks to provide adequate holding force. Fourth, after securing the equipment, inspect the hand brakes and wheel chocks regularly to ensure that they remain effective. This is particularly important in changing weather conditions, such as rain or snow, which can reduce the effectiveness of the brakes and chocks. Fifth, document the actions taken to secure the equipment. This includes recording the number of hand brakes applied, the location of the wheel chocks, and the date and time the equipment was secured. Proper documentation helps to ensure accountability and provides a record of the safety measures that were taken. In addition to these steps, it is also important to follow any specific rules or procedures established by the railroad for securing unattended equipment. These rules may vary depending on the location, the type of equipment, and other factors. By following these steps and adhering to railroad rules, railroad personnel can effectively secure unattended equipment on a grade exceeding 1% and prevent accidents.