What is a dynamic break?

A dynamic brake is a braking system used on locomotives that utilizes the traction motors as generators to slow the train, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. Instead of using friction brakes, which rely on brake shoes pressing against the wheels, the dynamic brake reconfigures the traction motors. When activated, the motors generate electricity as the wheels turn. This electrical energy is then dissipated through resistor grids, which act like large heating elements, converting the electrical energy into heat. The heat is then dissipated into the atmosphere, slowing the train. Dynamic braking reduces wear on the friction brakes and is particularly effective on long, downhill grades. It also allows for smoother braking compared to relying solely on friction brakes. It is important to note that dynamic braking typically does not bring a train to a complete stop; friction brakes are still needed for the final stages of braking and to hold the train stationary. Dynamic braking assists in controlling the train speed and reduces the workload on the conventional braking system.