What is the primary advantage of using nebulized hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis?

The primary advantage of using nebulized hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis is to improve mucus clearance from the airways. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes the body to produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus, which can clog the airways and lead to chronic lung infections. Hypertonic saline is a saline solution with a higher salt concentration than normal saline (0.9% NaCl). When nebulized and inhaled, hypertonic saline draws water into the airways from the surrounding tissues via osmosis. This increased water content hydrates the airway secretions, making them less viscous and easier to mobilize. The increased volume of airway surface liquid also stimulates cough, further aiding in mucus clearance. By improving mucus clearance, nebulized hypertonic saline helps to reduce airway obstruction, decrease the risk of lung infections, and improve overall lung function in patients with CF. It is often used as part of a comprehensive airway clearance regimen that may also include chest physiotherapy and other mucolytic agents.