What is the expected effect on peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) when switching from volume-controlled ventilation to pressure-controlled ventilation, assuming all other settings remain constant and the patient's lung compliance decreases?

When switching from volume-controlled ventilation to pressure-controlled ventilation, and the patient's lung compliance decreases while other settings remain constant, the expected effect is a decrease in the delivered tidal volume, and PIP is no longer directly relevant because it is a *resultof the pressure setting, not a target. Lung compliance refers to the ability of the lungs to expand for a given change in pressure; decreased compliance means the lungs are stiffer and harder to inflate. In volume-controlled ventilation, a set tidal volume is delivered regardless of the pressure required. In pressure-controlled ventilation, a set pressure is delivered, and the resulting tidal volume depends on the patient's lung compliance and airway resistance. When switching to pressure control with decreased compliance, the set pressure will result in a *lowertidal volume than before because the lungs are stiffer and do not expand as easily. The peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) in this case is limited to the set pressure. The ventilator will deliver the set pressure, and the volume delivered will depend on the patient's respiratory mechanics. So, even though PIP might be at the set pressure limit, because of decreased compliance, less volume is delivered. In volume control, PIP would increase as compliance decreased to deliver the set volume.