How does 3D stereoscopic vision in robotic surgery improve depth perception compared to traditional laparoscopic systems?

3D stereoscopic vision in robotic surgery improves depth perception by using two separate cameras positioned slightly apart, just like human eyes. Each camera captures a slightly different image, and the system combines them to create a three-dimensional image. This image is displayed on the surgeon’s console, allowing the surgeon to see the surgical field with accurate depth information. In contrast, traditional laparoscopic systems use a single camera that produces a flat, two-dimensional image. This makes it harder to judge how far away objects are or how deep to insert instruments. Without depth cues, surgeons must rely on indirect methods like shading, movement, or experience to estimate depth, which increases the risk of error. With 3D stereoscopic vision, the surgeon can immediately judge distances between tissues, better control instrument position, and avoid accidental contact with delicate structures. This makes tasks like suturing, cutting, or dissection more precise and safer, especially in areas where structures are very close together.