Describe the difference between 'active' and 'passive' border security measures.

Active border security measures involve directly intervening to prevent illegal crossings and enforce border laws, while passive measures are designed to deter illegal activity and detect violations without direct confrontation. Active measures include things like physical barriers (fences, walls), patrols by border agents, inspections of vehicles and cargo, and the use of force to apprehend individuals attempting to cross illegally. Passive measures include surveillance technology (sensors, cameras, drones), infrastructure improvements to make crossing more difficult, and public awareness campaigns designed to deter illegal immigration. The key difference is that active measures involve direct enforcement actions, while passive measures primarily focus on prevention and detection.