A smart contract is a program stored and executed on a blockchain, and its functions are specific pieces of code within it that can be called and run. Every operation performed by a smart contract function, such as reading data, writing data, or performing calculations, requires a computational fee known as "gas." Gas is the unit used to measure the computational effort needed for these operations. Each transaction, which is how a smart contract function is invoked, includes a "gas limit" set by the caller, representing the maximum gas they are willing to spend. Furthermore, there is a "block gas limit," which is the maximum total gas that can be consumed by all transactions collectively included in a single block on the blockchain.
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