How does host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) contribute to endpoint security in a smart grid environment?

A host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) contributes to endpoint security in a smart grid environment by monitoring the internal activity of individual devices, such as servers, workstations, and control system components, to detect malicious behavior that might bypass network-based security controls. Endpoint security refers to securing individual devices that connect to the network. A HIDS operates on a specific host or endpoint, analyzing system logs, file integrity, and process activity to identify suspicious actions. Unlike network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS), which monitor network traffic, a HIDS focuses on what's happening within the device itself. This provides a valuable layer of defense against threats that originate from within the network or that have already bypassed perimeter security measures. For example, if an attacker successfully compromises a workstation using a phishing email, the HIDS on that workstation can detect the installation of malware or unauthorized modifications to system files. A HIDS can detect various types of malicious activity, including malware infections, unauthorized access attempts, and suspicious changes to system configurations. It does this by comparing the current state of the system to a known good baseline and looking for deviations that might indicate a security breach. In the smart grid context, HIDS is particularly important for protecting critical control system components, such as SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) servers and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). These devices are often located deep within the network and may not be adequately protected by network-based security controls. HIDS can provide an additional layer of protection, helping to detect and respond to attacks that target these critical assets. By providing this host-level monitoring and detection, HIDS improves the overall security posture of the smart grid and helps prevent successful cyberattacks.