A next-generation firewall (NGFW) distinguishes itself from a traditional firewall in a smart grid setting primarily through its advanced features, including application awareness, intrusion prevention, and deep packet inspection, which provide more comprehensive security than traditional firewalls. Traditional firewalls operate mainly by examining network traffic at Layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model, focusing on IP addresses and port numbers to allow or block traffic based on predefined rules. This approach is limited in its ability to identify and control malicious applications or sophisticated attacks that may use standard ports to evade detection.....
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