What types of threats could target PMU data, and how could these threats be mitigated?

PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) data can be targeted by various threats that aim to compromise its integrity, availability, and confidentiality, potentially leading to grid instability or manipulation. These threats include data injection attacks, denial-of-service attacks, and eavesdropping attacks. Data injection attacks involve injecting false or manipulated data into the PMU data stream. This can be used to mislead grid operators, cause them to make incorrect decisions, or even trigger cascading failures. For example, an attacker could inject false data indicating a ....