A photovoltaic (PV) system is a technology that converts sunlight directly into electrical energy using solar panels. The working principle of a PV system can be understood through the following steps:
1. Sunlight Absorption: When sunlight falls on the solar panels, it is absorbed by the solar cells, which are typically made of semiconductor materials, such as silicon. The solar cells contain multiple layers that have different electronic properties. The most commonly used type of solar cell is the silicon-based crystalline solar cell.
2. Generation of Electric Field: When sunlight hits the solar cell, it excites the electrons in the semiconductor material, causing them to be released from their atomic bonds. This creates a separation of charge, with the released electrons becoming free carriers and the atoms left beh....
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