What is the fundamental difference between a destructive and non-destructive test on a landfill liner seam?

The fundamental difference between a destructive and non-destructive test on a landfill liner seam is that a destructive test involves taking a physical sample of the seam, which then cannot be used as part of the original liner, while a non-destructive test evaluates the seam integrity without compromising its physical structure or requiring any material to be removed. A destructive test, such as shear or peel testing in a laboratory, provides direct measurement of the seam's strength and integrity but necessitates patching or repairing the area where the sample was taken. This means that the liner in that area has been compromised and requires remediation to restore its integrity. A non-destructive test, such as air lance testing or vacuum box testing, assesses the seam's integrity by applying stress or pressure without physically altering the seam. These tests allow for evaluation of the entire seam length without causing any damage, providing a more comprehensive and cost-effective approach to quality control. If a problem is found during non-destructive testing it will require remediation. A destructive test will always require remediation.