Why are landfill fires particularly difficult to extinguish?

Landfill fires are particularly difficult to extinguish due to several factors: the depth and density of the waste, the anaerobic conditions within the landfill, the presence of methane gas, and the limited access for suppression efforts. Landfills contain large volumes of compacted waste, often extending many feet below the surface. Fires can ignite deep within the waste mass, making it difficult to reach the seat of the fire with water or other extinguishing agents. The compacted waste also limits oxygen penetration, creating smoldering conditions that can persist for extended periods. The anaerobic environment within the landfill promotes the production of methane gas, which is highly flammable and can fuel the fire. Furthermore, access to the burning areas within a landfill is often restricted, making it challenging to deploy firefighting equipment and personnel effectively. Excavating the burning waste is often necessary to fully extinguish the fire, but this process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and can release additional methane gas and air contaminants. The combination of these factors makes landfill fires complex and challenging to control, often requiring specialized techniques and equipment.