How does the concept of 'entanglement' function as a cyber deterrence strategy?

In the context of cyber deterrence, 'entanglement' functions by creating mutual dependencies between systems, infrastructures, or even nations to the point where an attack by one party on the other would cause significant harm to both, including the attacker. This mutual vulnerability makes an attack less appealing due to the unacceptable costs incurred by the aggressor, thereby deterring the initial action. It shifts the focus from purely defensive measures or retaliatory threats to establishing interconnectedness that makes aggression self-defeating. A practical example is the reliance of multiple nations on a shared global internet infrastructure; a large-scale cyberattack targeting this infrastructure by one nation would likely disrupt its own internet access and economic activities as well, creating a powerful disincentive to initiate such an attack. Similarly, countries that rely on each other for critical supply chain management, like interdependent energy grids or financial networks, become 'entangled'. Disrupting these systems through cyber warfare would create significant damage for both the attacker and the target, serving as a deterrent. Therefore, entanglement uses mutual dependence to raise the stakes of cyber aggression to an unacceptable level for all parties involved, thereby contributing to overall cyber stability.