What is the primary contractual difference regarding intellectual property rights that distinguishes an SBIR/STTR grant from a typical government contract for research and development?

The primary contractual difference regarding intellectual property rights that distinguishes an SBIR/STTR grant from a typical government contract for research and development lies in the technical data rights acquired by the government. Under an SBIR/STTR (Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer) award, the government generally acquires limited rights in technical data and computer software developed exclusively with government funds under that award for a specific protection period, typically five years from the date of the award. "Limited rights" means the government can use the data for governmental purposes, but it is restricted from disclosing the data outside of the government or using it for commercial purposes. This protection period is a unique feature designed to allow the small business awardee to commercialize its innovation and secure private investment without immediate public dissemination of its proprietary technical information. Regarding patent rights, the small business, consistent with the Bayh-Dole Act, typically retains title to inventions made under the award, while the government obtains a non-exclusive, non-transferable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice the invention throughout the world for governmental purposes. In contrast, under a typical government contract for research and development, particularly procurement contracts governed by the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government generally acquires unlimited rights in all technical data and computer software first produced or delivered under the contract. "Unlimited rights" means the government has the right to use, duplicate, release, or disclose the data in whole or in part, in any manner and for any purpose whatsoever, and to permit others to do so. This provides the government with broad freedom to use and disseminate the developed information immediately and widely without restriction, a significantly broader right than that afforded under an SBIR/STTR award.