What is consequentialism, and how does it differ from deontology? Provide examples of ethical dilemmas that each theory would approach differently.

Consequentialism and deontology are two prominent ethical theories that have been developed to guide decision making in moral dilemmas. Consequentialism is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of an action based on its consequences, while deontology is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of an action based on whether it adheres to moral rules or duties. Consequentialism argues that the morality of an action depends on the outcome it produces. In other words, an action is considered morally right if it leads to good consequences and morally wrong if it leads to bad consequences. The key focus of consequentialism is on the end result, rather than on the means used to achieve that result.....