In environmental compliance reporting, what parameter is typically measured by Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) installed in power plant stacks?

Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) installed in power plant stacks typically measure the concentrations of various gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, and other parameters required for environmental compliance reporting. Key parameters measured include sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), opacity (a measure of particulate matter), and oxygen (O2). SO2 and NOx are major contributors to acid rain and respiratory problems. CO is a toxic gas. CO2 is a greenhouse gas. Opacity indicates the amount of particulate matter in the flue gas, which can affect visibility and human health. O2 measurements are used to calculate excess air and ensure proper combustion. CEMS provide real-time, continuous data that are used to demonstrate compliance with emission limits established by environmental regulations. These data are also used to optimize combustion processes and minimize pollutant emissions.