Differentiate between a rolling budget and a static budget, and explain when each might be most beneficial in power plant management.

A static budget is a budget that remains fixed regardless of changes in activity levels or other factors. It is typically prepared once a year and does not adjust to reflect actual performance or changing circumstances. A rolling budget (also known as a continuous budget) is a budget that is continuously updated by adding a new period (e.g., a month or a quarter) as the most recent period expires. This provides a budget that always covers a specific time horizon (e.g., 12 months). A static budget might be most beneficial in a power plant when the operating environment is stable and predictable, and there is a high degree of certainty about future costs and revenues. For example, if fuel prices are locked in through long-term contracts and electricity demand is relatively constant, a static budget may be sufficient. A rolling budget is most beneficial when the operating environment is dynamic and uncertain. For example, if fuel prices are volatile, electricity demand fluctuates significantly, or major maintenance projects are planned, a rolling budget allows the power plant to adapt to changing conditions and make more informed financial decisions. Rolling budget allows constant modifications when new parameters, that were not previously included, appear over time.