The fundamental difference in the energy extraction mechanism between an axial flow turbine and a cross-flow turbine in a tidal stream lies in how they interact with the water flow: axial flow turbines extract energy primarily through lift forces acting on rotating blades aligned with the flow direction, while cross-flow turbines extract energy using a combination of lift and drag forces as water passes through the turbine perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Axial flow turbines, similar to airplane propellers or wind turbines, have blades that rotate around an axis par....
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