When a new road design splits a neighborhood into parts, what specific social problem does it cause?

The specific social problem caused by a new road design that splits a neighborhood into parts is community severance. Community severance, also known as neighborhood severance, occurs when a physical barrier, such as a major road or other infrastructure, divides an existing community, making it difficult, dangerous, or significantly inconvenient for residents to move freely and easily between the severed parts. This division directly leads to a significant reduction in social cohesion, which is the degree to which members of a community feel connected to each other, interact regularly, and share a common sense of belonging and identity within their local area. The new road acts as a barrier, physically separating people from friends, family, and neighbors who live just across the new divide. This increased difficulty in crossing, often due to factors like longer routes, higher traffic volumes, increased noise, and perceived danger, diminishes opportunities for spontaneous social interactions and participation in local activities. For example, residents may find it too inconvenient or unsafe to walk to a local shop, park, or community center that is now on the other side of the road, leading to reduced use of these shared spaces. This forced separation and reduced accessibility weakens the social fabric, leading to feelings of isolation, diminished community spirit, and a decline in collective identity among residents. The sense of belonging and shared local life that characterizes a healthy neighborhood is fundamentally undermined, contributing to a fragmentation of the community.