What specific cognitive technique involves identifying and challenging illogical or unhelpful thought patterns that emerge after trauma, such as overgeneralization or catastrophic thinking?

The specific cognitive technique involves Cognitive Restructuring. This process, a core component of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), systematically helps individuals identify and challenge unhelpful or illogical thought patterns, often called cognitive distortions, that frequently emerge after trauma. First, an individual learns to identify their automatic negative thoughts, which are spontaneous thoughts occurring without conscious effort. Once identified, these thoughts are actively challenged by examining the evidence for and against them, considering alternative perspectives, and evaluating their helpfulness. For instance, overgeneralization is a cognitive distortion where one draws a broad, negative conclusion based on a single event, perceiving it as an unchangeable, universal truth. An example after trauma is believing, "Because I was hurt once, I am always unsafe everywhere." Catastrophic thinking, another common distortion, involves exaggerating the potential negative outcomes, imagining the worst possible scenario even when improbable. An individual might think, "If I step outside, something terrible will definitely happen to me again." Through Cognitive Restructuring, these illogical thoughts are systematically questioned. The individual learns to ask, "Is there evidence to support this thought? Is there another way to look at this situation? Is this thought truly helpful?" The aim is to develop more balanced, realistic, and adaptive ways of thinking, reducing emotional distress and promoting healthier behavioral responses by changing how events are interpreted.