How do 2D materials like graphene enhance the triboelectric performance of TENGs?

2D materials like graphene enhance the triboelectric performance of TENGs due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, high surface area, and tunable surface properties. Graphene's high electrical conductivity facilitates efficient charge transport and collection, reducing resistive losses within the TENG. Its large surface area increases the contact area between the triboelectric materials, promoting more charge transfer events. Surface functionalization of graphene can be used to modify its triboelectric properties, such as its work function, allowing for optimized charge generation with specific triboelectric partners. Graphene can also be used as a flexible and transparent electrode material, enabling the fabrication of transparent and flexible TENGs. In some cases, graphene can act as a triboelectric material itself. For example, coating a polymer film with graphene can increase its charge generation and conductivity. Furthermore, the mechanical robustness of graphene can enhance the durability and lifespan of the TENG. The strong atomic bonds of graphene allow TENGs to endure many contact and separation cycles. Coating triboelectric surfaces with graphene results in devices that perform for longer.