What are the key advantages of self-powered sensors based on TENGs?

The key advantages of self-powered sensors based on TENGs are their ability to operate without external power sources like batteries, their potential for long-term and continuous operation, and their enhanced environmental friendliness. Because TENGs harvest energy from the surrounding environment, such as mechanical vibrations, human motion, or fluid flow, self-powered sensors can function independently, eliminating the need for battery replacements or external power connections. This is particularly beneficial for remote or inaccessible locations where battery maintenance is difficult or costly. The continuous energy harvesting capability allows for long-term, uninterrupted monitoring, enabling the collection of valuable data over extended periods. Self-powered sensors reduce electronic waste by eliminating the need for batteries, and their fabrication can utilize biocompatible and biodegradable materials, minimizing their environmental impact. For example, a self-powered sensor monitoring soil moisture in a remote agricultural field can operate for years without battery replacement, providing continuous data for optimizing irrigation and reducing water waste. This contrasts with traditional battery-powered sensors, which require periodic maintenance and battery disposal.