What determines the choice of electrode material in a TENG?

The choice of electrode material in a TENG is primarily determined by its electrical conductivity, work function, and mechanical properties, as well as its chemical stability and cost. High electrical conductivity is essential to minimize resistive losses and ensure efficient charge collection and transport. A material with a low work function difference relative to the triboelectric material can enhance charge injection and collection. The electrode material should also possess sufficient mechanical strength and durability to withstand the repeated mechanical stress during TENG operation. Chemical stability is important to prevent corrosion or degradation, which can reduce the TENG's performance over time. Cost-effectiveness is also a practical consideration for large-scale applications. Common electrode materials include metals like copper, aluminum, and gold, as well as conductive polymers and carbon-based materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes. For example, gold is often used in research prototypes due to its high conductivity and chemical inertness, while copper or aluminum may be preferred for cost-sensitive applications, even if they require passivation layers to prevent oxidation.