How can TENGs be used to harvest energy from vibrations in infrastructure?

TENGs can be used to harvest energy from vibrations in infrastructure by converting the mechanical energy of these vibrations into electrical energy. Infrastructure, such as bridges and buildings, experiences vibrations due to various sources, including traffic, wind, and seismic activity. TENGs are strategically attached to structural components where these vibrations are most pronounced. The vibrations cause the triboelectric materials within the TENG to come into contact and separate or to slide against each other, generating triboelectric charges. The induced potential difference then drives electrons through an external circuit, producing electrical current. The design of the TENG is tailored to the specific frequency and amplitude of the vibrations being harvested. For example, a TENG designed to harvest energy from low-frequency vibrations in a bridge might use a cantilever beam structure, where the vibrations cause the beam to oscillate, bringing the triboelectric materials into contact and separation. The harvested energy can be used to power sensors for structural health monitoring, wireless communication devices, or other low-power electronics, making the infrastructure self-powered. An example would be attaching a TENG to a bridge support beam to harvest energy from passing traffic to power sensors that monitor strain and temperature.