How can TENGs be employed for wave energy harvesting?

TENGs can be employed for wave energy harvesting by converting the mechanical energy of ocean waves into electrical energy. This is achieved by designing TENG-based devices that respond to the motion of the waves, typically through floating structures or submerged mechanisms. The wave motion causes the triboelectric materials within the TENG to come into contact and separate or to slide against each other, generating triboelectric charges and inducing an electrical current. Several configurations are possible. One approach involves floating TENGs on the water surface, where the up-and-down motion of the waves drives the contact and separation of triboelectric layers. Another approach uses submerged TENGs anchored to the seabed, where wave-induced currents cause the TENG to deform or oscillate. A third approach uses wave-driven rotating mechanisms to drive a TENG. The harvested energy can be used to power marine sensors, navigation buoys, or other offshore equipment, or it can be transmitted to shore for grid-scale power generation. For example, a floating TENG buoy could use the vertical motion of waves to drive a linear generator, producing electricity to power itself and transmit data on ocean conditions.