In wearable electronics, how is energy harvested from human motion using TENGs?

In wearable electronics, energy is harvested from human motion using TENGs by converting the kinetic energy of body movements into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. TENGs are integrated into clothing, shoes, or accessories, positioned at locations where relative motion occurs during typical activities like walking, running, or bending. These movements cause the triboelectric materials within the TENG to come into contact and separate, generating triboelectric charges. The induced potential difference drives electrons through an external circuit, generating electrical current. The specific design of the TENG depends on the type of motion being harvested. For example, a TENG integrated into a shoe sole can harvest energy from the compression and release of the sole during walking. A TENG attached to the arm can harvest energy from the swinging motion of the arm. Flexible and stretchable TENGs are often used in wearable applications to conform to the body's contours and withstand repeated deformations without compromising performance. The harvested energy can then be used to power wearable sensors, communication devices, or other low-power electronics, making them self-powered and eliminating the need for batteries. For example, a TENG integrated into a glove could power a sensor that monitors hand gestures.