What is the function of nanoparticles in triboelectric materials?

Nanoparticles are incorporated into triboelectric materials to enhance their triboelectric performance by increasing surface roughness, modifying the dielectric constant, improving charge transport, and enhancing mechanical properties. Adding nanoparticles to a polymer matrix increases the surface roughness, which leads to a larger effective contact area and greater charge transfer. Nanoparticles can also alter the dielectric constant of the composite material, influencing its ability to store charge. Conductive nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes or metal nanoparticles, can improve the charge transport properties of the material, facilitating efficient charge collection and reducing resistive losses. The inclusion of nanoparticles can also enhance the mechanical strength, wear resistance, and durability of the triboelectric material, extending the TENG's lifespan. For example, incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into a PDMS film can increase its dielectric constant and surface roughness, resulting in improved triboelectric charge generation.