What types of safety measures are critical during TBM assembly inside a tunnel?

TBM assembly inside a tunnel poses significant safety risks, requiring stringent measures to protect personnel. Proper ventilation is critical to remove dust, fumes, and hazardous gases generated during welding, cutting, and other assembly activities. Confined space entry procedures must be strictly followed for any work inside enclosed areas of the TBM. This includes atmospheric testing, ventilation, and rescue plans. Fall protection measures, such as harnesses, lifelines, and safety nets, are essential to prevent falls from heights during assembly. Lifting operations require careful planning and execution. Cranes and hoists must be inspected and operated by qualified personnel, and loads must be properly secured. Fire prevention measures are necessary. Welding and cutting activities can create sparks and ignite flammable materials. Fire extinguishers and fire blankets should be readily available. Electrical safety is crucial. All electrical equipment must be properly grounded, and workers must be protected from electrical shock. Lockout/tagout procedures should be used to de-energize equipment before performing maintenance. Ground support is also vital. The tunnel must be properly supported to prevent collapses during assembly. Regular inspections and maintenance of ground support systems are essential. Emergency response plans are necessary. These plans should outline procedures for responding to accidents, fires, or other emergencies. 'TBM assembly' refers to the process of putting together the components of the Tunnel Boring Machine. 'Confined space entry' refers to the procedures for safely entering and working in enclosed spaces. 'Lockout/tagout' refers to a safety procedure used to ensure that dangerous machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or servicing work.