Determining the appropriate gripper force for a TBM involves a careful analysis of several factors related to the rock formation and the TBM's characteristics. The gripper force must be sufficient to resist the thrust force required for excavation but not so high that it damages the tunnel walls. Rock strength is a primary consideration. Stronger rocks require higher thrust forces for excavation, which in turn demand higher gripper forces to provide adequate reaction. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the rock is a key parameter. The tunnel diameter also influences gripper force; larger tunnels req....
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