Selecting the right additives for soil conditioning in EPB tunneling requires careful consideration of the soil type, its properties, and the desired effects on its behavior within the TBM. The primary goal of soil conditioning is to improve the soil's workability, reduce its stickiness, control its permeability, and ensure stable pressure transmission at the tunnel face. For clay soils, which are highly cohesive and prone to clogging, polymers are often used to reduce adhesion to the TBM's metal surfaces and improve flowability. The type and dosage of polymer depend on the clay content and plasticity index of the soil. Foams are often used in sand....
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