Ring erection is a critical step in segmental lining installation. It involves the precise placement and assembly of precast concrete or steel segments to form a complete, continuous ring that provides structural support to the tunnel. The primary role of ring erection is to create a stable and load-bearing tunnel lining that can withstand the earth and water pressures acting on the tunnel. The segments are typically erected using a segment erector, a mechanical arm or crane that is part of the TBM. ....
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