Several chemical properties of grouts are crucial for ensuring long-term tunnel stability. Durability and resistance to degradation are paramount. The grout must be resistant to chemical attack from groundwater and other environmental factors. This includes resistance to sulfates, chlorides, and acids. Permeability is critical. The grout should have low permeability to prevent water inflow into the tunnel. Water inflow can lead to erosion of the surrounding soil or rock and corr....
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