The support reaction curve and the ground reaction curve are essential tools used in the design of tunnel support systems because they illustrate the interaction between the ground and the support, allowing engineers to select a support system that provides adequate stability. The ground reaction curve (GRC) represents the relationship between the internal pressure applied to the tunnel wall by the ground and the radial deformation (inward movement) of the tunnel wall. It illustrates how the ground responds to the excavation process. As the tunnel is excavated, the ground loses support, leading to deformation. The GRC shows how much pressure the ground can exert at different levels of deformation. Initially, the ground can withstand a high pressure with little deformation. However, as deformation increases, the ground pressure decreases as the rock mass begins to yield and loosen. The shape o....
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