What is the effect of using the wrong torque specification when installing lug nuts?

Using the wrong torque specification when installing lug nuts can have severe consequences, including wheel detachment and damage to wheel studs or the wheel itself. Under-torquing lug nuts can result in the wheel not being securely attached to the hub. This can cause the lug nuts to loosen over time due to vibration and road impacts, eventually leading to wheel wobble and, potentially, complete wheel detachment. Over-torquing lug nuts can stretch or break the wheel studs, damage the wheel's mounting surface, or distort the brake rotor. Stretched wheel studs are weakened and more prone to failure. A warped brake rotor can cause brake pulsation and reduced braking performance. The correct torque specification, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer, ensures that the wheel is properly secured without overstressing the components. It is crucial to use a calibrated torque wrench and follow the correct torque sequence when installing lug nuts to prevent these problems.