What is the MOST critical consideration when designing a wastewater collection system to minimize infiltration?

The most critical consideration when designing a wastewater collection system to minimize infiltration is ensuring proper pipe joint tightness and material selection to resist ground water pressure and soil movement. Infiltration refers to the uncontrolled inflow of groundwater into the sewer system. This is distinct from inflow, which is surface water entering through manholes, catch basins, or other openings. Minimizing infiltration is crucial because it reduces the system's capacity, increases treatment costs (as the plant must process this extra, unwanted water), can overload the system during peak flows, and potentially compromises treatment efficiency. Joint tightness is paramount. Wastewater collection systems are typically buried underground, where they are constantly subjected to hydrostatic pressure from surrounding groundwater. Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by ....