What is the critical parameter to monitor and control in a chloramination system to minimize the formation of undesirable disinfection byproducts?

The critical parameter to monitor and control in a chloramination system to minimize the formation of undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is the chlorine-to-ammonia ratio. Chloramination involves adding ammonia to chlorine to form chloramines, which are used as a secondary disinfectant to maintain a residual in the distribution system. The goal is to form monochloramine, which is the most effective disinfectant and produces fewer DBPs than free chlorine. However, if the chlorine-to-ammonia ratio is not properly controlled, other chloramine ....