Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) primarily interferes with coagulation by competing with the coagulant for reaction sites on the surface of particles. Coagulation is the process of destabilizing small, suspended particles in water so they can clump together and be removed. Coagulants, such as alum (aluminum sulfate) or ferric chloride (iron chloride), are added to the water to neutralize the negative charges of these particles, allowing them to collide and form larger flocs. DOC consis....
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