Air scouring during filter backwashing improves the removal of trapped solids compared to water backwashing alone by more effectively disrupting and loosening the filter bed and breaking up compacted solids. Water backwashing alone relies on the upward flow of water to expand the filter bed and carry away the accumulated solids. However, water alone may not be sufficient to dislodge tightly packed solids, especially those that have become cemented together or attached to the fil....
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