When using chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a primary disinfectant, key operational considerations are necessary to minimize the formation of chlorite (ClO2-) and chlorate (ClO3-), which are regulated disinfection byproducts. Chlorine dioxide itself is an effective disinfectant, but it can degrade to form chlorite and chlorate in the treated water. 1) Chlorine dioxide generation: Efficient chlorine dioxide generation is crucial. Use a well-maintained generator that produces high-purity ClO2 with minimal excess chlorine. Excess chlorine can react to form more chlorite and chlorate. The generation process should be optimized to ensure complete conversion of the reactants to ClO2. 2) Control of precurso....
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