What parameters are typically monitored during water quality assessments around WEC arrays?

Water quality assessments around Wave Energy Converter (WEC) arrays typically involve monitoring several key parameters. First, temperature is monitored as changes can affect marine life and chemical processes. Second, salinity is measured as it influences the density and stratification of water. Third, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are critical for aquatic life. Low DO can indicate pollution or eutrophication. Fourth, turbidity, a measure of water clarity, is assessed as it affects light penetration and photosynthetic activity. Fifth, pH levels are monitored to ensure the water is not too acidic or alkaline. Sixth, nutrient levels, such as nitrates and phosphates, are measured as excessive nutrients can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion. Seventh, concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., mercury, lead, cadmium) are assessed due to their toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation. Eighth, levels of hydrocarbons (oil and grease) are monitored to detect any leaks or spills from the WEC equipment. Ninth, concentrations of suspended solids are measured as they can affect water clarity and the health of aquatic organisms. Tenth, the presence and abundance of indicator organisms (e.g., fecal coliform bacteria) are monitored to assess the potential for pathogens. These parameters are typically monitored at multiple locations and depths around the WEC array to assess the spatial extent and magnitude of any impacts. Baseline data is collected prior to WEC deployment to establish a reference point for comparison.