Vortex generators (VGs) improve wind turbine blade aerodynamic performance by re-energizing the boundary layer, delaying flow separation, and increasing lift. The boundary layer is the thin layer of air directly adjacent to the blade's surface. It's where the airflow slows down due to friction. A key problem is boundary layer separation, which happens when the airflow detaches from the blade surface, typically near the trailing edge, creating a wake of turbulent, low-energy air. This separation significantly reduces lift and increases drag. VGs are small, vane-like devices typically mounted in rows on the blade's upper surface, near the leading edge. They work by creating small, swirling vortices. These vortices mix the slow-moving air in the boundary layer with the....
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