Excessive infiltration and inflow (I/I) fundamentally alters the hydraulic design requirements for a gravity sewer system by significantly increasing the total volume of wastewater the system must convey. Infiltration is groundwater entering sewer pipes through defects such as cracks, leaky joints, or faulty service connections. Inflow is stormwater entering the sewer system through direct connections like roof drains, foundation drains, or directly through manhole covers during wet weather. These extraneous flows combine with sanitary wastewater, leading to a much higher design flow rate than would be generated by sanitary flow alone.
This increased total design flow directly impacts several critical hydraulic design parameters. First, it necessitates larger pipe diameters. A gravity sewer's primary function is to transport wastewater by relying on the slope of the pipe, maintaining a free air surface within the pipe, not under pressure. When I/I substan....
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