Substation grounding grids are designed to protect personnel from step and touch potential hazards during ground faults. A ground fault occurs when an energized conductor comes into contact with ground, causing a large current to flow into the earth. Without a proper grounding system, this current can create dangerous voltage differences in the soil around the substation. Step potential is the voltage difference between two points on the ground surface that a person could step between, typically assumed to be one meter apart. Touch potential is the voltage difference between an energized object (e.g., a piece of equipment) and the ground surface that a person could touch while standing on the ground. The grounding grid is a network of interconnected conductors buried beneath the substation, design....
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