A surge arrester, also known as a surge protector or lightning arrester, is a protective device used in substations to protect electrical equipment from transient overvoltages caused by lightning strikes, switching operations, or other system disturbances. The purpose of a surge arrester is to limit the magnitude and duration of these overvoltages, diverting the surge current to ground and preventing damage to the protected equipment, such as transformers, circuit breakers, and insulators. Surge arresters are typically connected between the phase conductor and ground. Under normal operating conditions, the arrester acts as an insulator, allowing only a small leakage current to flow. When an overvoltage occurs, the arrester's internal components rapid....
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